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<p> </p><p>既然说SmartOS和Linux类似,那在使用时到底有什么不同呢?<span style="line-height: 1.4285715;">SmartMachine和其他类Unix系统不同之处主要在于两类:</span></p><ul><li>命令类似,但在SmartOS中用不同的名字</li><li>完成类似的任务,但在SmartOS中有不同的实现过程</li></ul><p>这里列出一个命令列表,用来帮助Linux用户找到在SmartOS中与Linux对等的命令。</p><p><img class="editor-inline-macro" src="/plugins/servlet/confluence/placeholder/macro?definition=e3RvY30&locale=en_GB&version=2" data-macro-name="toc"></p><h1><a name="t0" /><a name="TheJoyentLinux-to-SmartOSCheatSheet-LinuxandSmartOSCommands" />Linux and SmartOS 命令对比列表</h1><table class="confluenceTable"><tbody><tr><th class="confluenceTh"><strong>任务 / 操作系统</strong></th><th class="confluenceTh"><strong>Linux</strong></th><th class="confluenceTh"><strong>SmartOS</strong></th></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><em>表中某些键值的含义<br /></em></td><td class="confluenceTd"><em>(rh)</em> = Red Hat, Mandrake, SUSE,... <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(deb)</em> = Debian, Libranet,... <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(fed)</em> = Fedora <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(gen)</em> = Gentoo <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(md)</em> = Mandrake/Mandriva <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(SUSE)</em> = SUSE</td><td class="confluenceTd">Joyent SmartOS <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><br class="atl-forced-newline" />开源版本可参见链接 <a class="external-link" href="http://smartos.org/" rel="nofollow">http://smartos.org</a></td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>管理用户<br />managing users</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">useradd <br class="atl-forced-newline" />usermod <br class="atl-forced-newline" />userdel <br class="atl-forced-newline" />adduser <br class="atl-forced-newline" />chage <br class="atl-forced-newline" />getent</td><td class="confluenceTd">useradd <br class="atl-forced-newline" />userdel <br class="atl-forced-newline" />usermod <br class="atl-forced-newline" />getent <br class="atl-forced-newline" />logins <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/usr/sadm/bin/smuser <br class="atl-forced-newline" />groupadd</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>列举硬件配置信息<br />list hardware configuration</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">arch <br class="atl-forced-newline" />uname <br class="atl-forced-newline" />dmesg <em>(if you're lucky)</em> <br class="atl-forced-newline" />cat /var/log/dmesg <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/proc/* <br class="atl-forced-newline" />lshw <br class="atl-forced-newline" />dmidecode <br class="atl-forced-newline" />lspci <br class="atl-forced-newline" />lspnp <br class="atl-forced-newline" />lsscsi <br class="atl-forced-newline" />lsusb <br class="atl-forced-newline" />lsmod <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(SUSE)</em> hwinfo <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/sys/devices/*</td><td class="confluenceTd">prtconf -v <br class="atl-forced-newline" />arch -k <br class="atl-forced-newline" />psrinfo -v <br class="atl-forced-newline" />isainfo -v <br class="atl-forced-newline" />dmesg <br class="atl-forced-newline" />iostat -En <br class="atl-forced-newline" />prtfru <br class="atl-forced-newline" />cfgadm -l <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/etc/path_to_inst</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>read a disk label</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">fdisk -l</td><td class="confluenceTd">prtvtoc</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>label a disk</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">cfdisk <br class="atl-forced-newline" />fdisk <br class="atl-forced-newline" />e2label</td><td class="confluenceTd">format <br class="atl-forced-newline" />prtvtoc</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>磁盘分区<br />partition a disk</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">parted <em>(if you have it)</em> <br class="atl-forced-newline" />cfdisk <br class="atl-forced-newline" />fdisk <br class="atl-forced-newline" />pdisk <em>(on a Mac)</em> <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(deb) mac-fdisk </em>(on a Mac)_ <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(md)</em> _diskdrake</td><td class="confluenceTd">format <br class="atl-forced-newline" />fmthard</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>kernel</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">/boot/vmlinuz* <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/boot/bootlx <br class="atl-forced-newline" />(see /etc/lilo.conf or /boot/grub/menu.lst)</td><td class="confluenceTd">/kernel/genunix <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/platform/`uname -m`/ <br class="atl-forced-newline" /> kernel/unix <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><br class="atl-forced-newline" /></td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>show/set kernel parameters</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">/proc/* <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/proc/sys/* <br class="atl-forced-newline" />sysctl <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/etc/sysctl.conf</td><td class="confluenceTd">sysdef <br class="atl-forced-newline" />getconf <br class="atl-forced-newline" />cat /etc/system <br class="atl-forced-newline" />ndd <br class="atl-forced-newline" />adb -k</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>loaded kernel modules</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">lsmod</td><td class="confluenceTd">modinfo</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>load module</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">modprobe <br class="atl-forced-newline" />insmod</td><td class="confluenceTd">modload</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>unload module</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">rmmod <br class="atl-forced-newline" />modprobe -r</td><td class="confluenceTd">modunload</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>启动脚本<br />startup scripts</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/rc* (but may vary) <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/etc/init.d/</td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/rc* <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/etc/init.d/ <br class="atl-forced-newline" /> svcadm <br class="atl-forced-newline" />svcs</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>启动/停止/配置 服务<br />start/ stop/ config services</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd"><em>(rh)</em> _service <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(rh)</em> _chkconfig <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(deb)</em> _sysv-rc-conf</td><td class="confluenceTd">svcs <br class="atl-forced-newline" />svcadm </td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>终止或关机<br />shutdown (& power off if possible)</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">shutdown -Ph now <br class="atl-forced-newline" />shutdown -y -g0 -i0 <br class="atl-forced-newline" />halt <br class="atl-forced-newline" />poweroff</td><td class="confluenceTd">shutdown -y -g0 -i5</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>run levels</strong> <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><strong>*=normal states </strong> <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>更多细节可参见</em> <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><a class="external-link" href="http://www.phildev.net/runlevels.html" rel="nofollow">www.phildev.net/runlevels.html</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">(set in /etc/inittab) <br class="atl-forced-newline" />0: halt <br class="atl-forced-newline" />s,S,1: <em>vendor-dependent</em> <br class="atl-forced-newline" />1: single-user <br class="atl-forced-newline" />2-5*: multiuser <br class="atl-forced-newline" />6: reboot</td><td class="confluenceTd">0: firmware monitor <br class="atl-forced-newline" />s,S: single-user <br class="atl-forced-newline" />1: sys admin <br class="atl-forced-newline" />2: multiuser <br class="atl-forced-newline" />3*: share NFS <br class="atl-forced-newline" />4*: user-defined <br class="atl-forced-newline" />5: power-down if possible <br class="atl-forced-newline" />6: reboot</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>show runlevel </strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">/sbin/runlevel</td><td class="confluenceTd">who -r</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>时区信息<br />time zone info</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">/usr/share/zoneinfo/ <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/etc/localtime</td><td class="confluenceTd">/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>检查交换空间<br />check swap space</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">swapon -s <br class="atl-forced-newline" />cat /proc/meminfo <br class="atl-forced-newline" />cat /proc/swaps <br class="atl-forced-newline" />free</td><td class="confluenceTd">swap -s <br class="atl-forced-newline" />swap -l</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>bind process to CPU</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">taskset (sched-utils)</td><td class="confluenceTd">pbind</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>“正常”的文件系统<br />"normal" filesystem</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">ext2 <br class="atl-forced-newline" />ext3 <br class="atl-forced-newline" />ReiserFS</td><td class="confluenceTd">zfs <em>(OpenSolaris)</em></td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>文件系统描述<br />file system description</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/fstab</td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/vfstab </td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>创建文件系统<br />create filesystem</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">mke2fs <br class="atl-forced-newline" />mkreiserfs <br class="atl-forced-newline" />mkdosfs <br class="atl-forced-newline" />mkfs</td><td class="confluenceTd">zfs </td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>文件系统调试和恢复<br />file system debugging and recovery</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">fsck <br class="atl-forced-newline" />debugfs <br class="atl-forced-newline" />e2undel</td><td class="confluenceTd">fsck <br class="atl-forced-newline" />fsdb <br class="atl-forced-newline" />clri</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>create non-0-length empty file</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">dd if=/dev/zero of=<em>filename</em> <br class="atl-forced-newline" />bs=1024k count=<em>desired</em></td><td class="confluenceTd">mkfile</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>创建/挂载 ISO 镜像<br />create/mount ISO image</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">mkisofs <br class="atl-forced-newline" />mount -o loop <em>pathToIso</em> <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>mountPoint</em></td><td class="confluenceTd">mkisofs;DEVICE=`lofiadm -a /<em>absolute_pathname</em>/<em>image</em>.iso` ; mount -F hsfs -o ro <br class="atl-forced-newline" />$DEVICE</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>ACL management</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">getfacl <br class="atl-forced-newline" />setfacl</td><td class="confluenceTd">getfacl <br class="atl-forced-newline" />setfacl</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>NFS share definitions</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/exports</td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/dfs/dfstab <br class="atl-forced-newline" />dfshares</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>NFS share command</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/init.d/nfs-server reload_(rh)__ _exportfs -a</td><td class="confluenceTd">share <br class="atl-forced-newline" />shareall</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>NFS information</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">cat /proc/mounts</td><td class="confluenceTd">showmount <br class="atl-forced-newline" />nfsstat</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>name resolution order</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/nsswitch.conf <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/etc/resolv.conf</td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/nsswitch.conf <br class="atl-forced-newline" />getent</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>显示网络接口信息<br />show network interface info</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">ifconfig <br class="atl-forced-newline" />ethtool</td><td class="confluenceTd">dladm <br class="atl-forced-newline" />ndd <br class="atl-forced-newline" />ifconfig -a <br class="atl-forced-newline" />netstat -in <br class="atl-forced-newline" />dladm </td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>修改IP<br />change IP</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd"><em>Joyent 公共云IP地址在云管理平台中设置</em></td><td class="confluenceTd"><em>Joyent 公共云IP地址在云管理平台中设置</em></td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>ping one packet</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">ping -c 1 <em>hostname</em></td><td class="confluenceTd">ping <em>hostname packetsize 1</em></td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>监听网络<br />sniff network</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">etherfind <br class="atl-forced-newline" />tcpdump <br class="atl-forced-newline" />wireshark (<em>formerly</em> _ethereal) <br class="atl-forced-newline" />etherape</td><td class="confluenceTd">snoop</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>route definitions</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd"><em>route</em> <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(rh) </em>/etc/sysconfig/network <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(rh) </em>/etc/sysconfig/static-routes <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(deb)</em> /etc/init.d/network <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(deb)</em> /etc/network</td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/defaultrouter <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/etc/notrouter <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/etc/gateways <br class="atl-forced-newline" />in.routed <br class="atl-forced-newline" />netstat -r <br class="atl-forced-newline" />route add</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>telnetd, ftpd banner</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/issue.net <em>(telnet)</em> <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(ftp varies; can use tcp wrappers)</em></td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/default/telnetd <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/etc/default/ftpd</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>设置日期/时间<br />set date/time</strong> <br class="atl-forced-newline" />(from net: ntp or other)</td><td class="confluenceTd">ntpdate <br class="atl-forced-newline" />rdate <br class="atl-forced-newline" />netdate</td><td class="confluenceTd">ntpdate <br class="atl-forced-newline" />rdate</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>auditing</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">auditd <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/var/log/faillog</td><td class="confluenceTd">audit <br class="atl-forced-newline" />auditd <br class="atl-forced-newline" />auditreduce <br class="atl-forced-newline" />praudit</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>加密后的密码在<br />encrypted passwords in</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/shadow <em>(may vary)</em></td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/shadow</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>最小密码长度<br />min password length</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/pam.d/system-auth</td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/default/passwd</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>允许/禁止 root 登录<br />allow/deny root logins</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/securetty </td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/default/login</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>防火墙配置<br />firewall config</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">iptables <br class="atl-forced-newline" />ipchains <br class="atl-forced-newline" />ipfwadm <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(rh)</em> redhat-config- <br class="atl-forced-newline" />securitylevel</td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/ipf/ipf.conf</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>显示已安装的软件<br />show installed software</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd"><em>(rh)</em> _rpm -a -i <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(rh)</em> _rpm -qa <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(rh)</em> yum list installed <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(deb)</em> dselect <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(deb)</em> aptitude <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(deb)</em> dpkg -l <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(gen)</em> _ls /var/db/pkg/* <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(gen)</em> _eix -I</td><td class="confluenceTd">pkgin list</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>安装/添加软件<br />add software</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd"><em>(rh)</em> _rpm -hiv <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(rh)</em> yum install <em>pkg</em> <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(deb)</em> dselect <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(deb) _apt-get install _pkg</em> <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(deb)</em> dpkg -i </td><td class="confluenceTd">pkgin install </td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">预编译的二进制版本<br />(GPLware and freeware)</td><td class="confluenceTd"><a class="external-link" href="http://www.linux.org/" rel="nofollow">www.linux.org</a><br class="atl-forced-newline" /><a class="external-link" href="http://linux.tucows.com/" rel="nofollow">linux.tucows.com</a><br class="atl-forced-newline" /><a class="external-link" href="http://sourceforge.net/" rel="nofollow">sourceforge.net</a><br class="atl-forced-newline" /><a class="external-link" href="http://rpmfind.net/" rel="nofollow">rpmfind.net</a><br class="atl-forced-newline" />(deb) <a class="external-link" href="http://ftp.debian.org/" rel="nofollow">ftp.debian.org</a><br class="atl-forced-newline" />(deb) <a class="external-link" href="http://packages.debian.org/" rel="nofollow">packages.debian.org</a><br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(gen)</em> <a class="external-link" href="http://packages.gentoo.org/" rel="nofollow">packages.gentoo.org</a><br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(gen)</em> <a class="external-link" href="http://gentoo-portage.com/" rel="nofollow">gentoo-portage.com</a>; <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><em>(md)</em> <a class="external-link" href="http://easyurpmi.zarb.org/" rel="nofollow">easyurpmi.zarb.org</a></td><td class="confluenceTd"><a class="external-link" href="http://pkgsrc.joyent.com/sdc6/" rel="nofollow">pkgsrc.joyent.com/sdc6/</a> <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><a class="external-link" href="http://www.sunfreeware.com/" rel="nofollow">www.sunfreeware.com</a><br class="atl-forced-newline" /><a class="external-link" href="http://www.blastwave.org/" rel="nofollow">www.blastwave.org</a></td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>C 编译器<br />C compiler</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">cc <br class="atl-forced-newline" />gcc</td><td class="confluenceTd">/opt/SUNWspro/ <br class="atl-forced-newline" />bin/cc</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>configure/show runtime linking</strong> <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><br class="atl-forced-newline" /></td><td class="confluenceTd">ldconfig <br class="atl-forced-newline" />ldd <br class="atl-forced-newline" />lsmod</td><td class="confluenceTd">crle <br class="atl-forced-newline" />ldd <br class="atl-forced-newline" />pldd <br class="atl-forced-newline" />modinfo <br class="atl-forced-newline" />LD_PRELOAD</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>链接库路径<br />link library path</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/etc/ld.so.conf</td><td class="confluenceTd">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH </td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>跟踪工具<br />tracing utility</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">strace <br class="atl-forced-newline" />ltrace</td><td class="confluenceTd">truss <br class="atl-forced-newline" />sotruss <br class="atl-forced-newline" />dtrace</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>定义用户默认配置<br />define user defaults</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/profile <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/etc/security/ <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/etc/skel/ <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/etc/profile.d/*</td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/default/login <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/etc/profile <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/etc/security/</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>csh global .login</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/csh.login</td><td class="confluenceTd">/etc/.login</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>默认的 syslog 和 信息<br />default syslog and messages</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">/var/log/syslog <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/var/log/messages <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/usr/adm/messages <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/var/log/maillog</td><td class="confluenceTd">/var/adm/messages <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/var/log/syslog <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><a class="external-link" href="http://softpanorama.org/Logs/solaris_logs.shtml" rel="nofollow">softpanorama.org/Logs/solaris_logs.shtml</a></td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>system error reporting tool</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">dmesg_(deb)_ reportbug</td><td class="confluenceTd">prtdiag</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>性能监测<br />performance monitoring</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">vmstat <br class="atl-forced-newline" />procinfo -D <br class="atl-forced-newline" />top <br class="atl-forced-newline" />htop <br class="atl-forced-newline" />pstree</td><td class="confluenceTd">prstat <br class="atl-forced-newline" />ostat <br class="atl-forced-newline" />kstat <br class="atl-forced-newline" />mpstat <br class="atl-forced-newline" />netstat <br class="atl-forced-newline" />nfsstat <br class="atl-forced-newline" />trapstat <br class="atl-forced-newline" />vmstat <br class="atl-forced-newline" />ptree <br class="atl-forced-newline" /><br class="atl-forced-newline" /><br class="atl-forced-newline" /></td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><strong>match process to file or port</strong></td><td class="confluenceTd">lsof <br class="atl-forced-newline" />netstat -atup</td><td class="confluenceTd">fuser <br class="atl-forced-newline" />pfiles </td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">维基百科<br /><a class="external-link" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Unix_variants" rel="nofollow">Wikipedia</a></td><td class="confluenceTd"><a class="external-link" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" rel="nofollow">Linux</a></td><td class="confluenceTd"><a class="external-link" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illumos" rel="nofollow">Illumos</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><h1><a name="t1" /><a name="TheJoyentLinux-to-SmartOSCheatSheet-ExamplesofDifferentUseContext" />不同使用语境(Use Context)的例子</h1><p>比如,一些常见的Linxu命令的工作过程有些不同。, here are some common Linux commands that work differently.</p><table class="confluenceTable"><tbody><tr><th class="confluenceTh">命令</th><th class="confluenceTh">在SmartMachine上有何不同</th></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">df</td><td class="confluenceTd">在大多数SmartOS镜像,它是使用的 GNU 版本。可以用 /usr/bin/df 来运行 native 版本</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">lsof</td><td class="confluenceTd">SmartMachine 使用不同的命令集来检查进程,下面会谈及。</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">ping</td><td class="confluenceTd">返回host主机是否有响应,使用 ping -s 返回持续的响应</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">top</td><td class="confluenceTd">top 在 /opt/local/bin 里面,但 prstat -Z 提供比 top 有关资源池更多且更准确的信息</td></tr></tbody></table><p> <a class="external-link" href="http://bhami.com/rosetta.html" rel="nofollow">Rosetta Stone for Unix</a> 是一个有用的资源,可以帮你看看你经常使用的UNIX版本和其他的UNIX版本(包括Mac)有何不同,并如何对应。</p><h2><a name="t2" /><a name="TheJoyentLinux-to-SmartOSCheatSheet-Examiningprocessesandmemory" /><a name="TheJoyentLinux-to-SmartOSCheatSheet-procmem" />检查进程和内存</h2><p><a name="TheJoyentLinux-to-SmartOSCheatSheet-rootbin" /><br />在旧的SmartOS镜像中,这些命令提供了端口和相关资源的信息,使用root或sudo可运行它们。<br />新的镜像使用的是 <a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/SmartMachine+Tools+Package" title="SmartMachine Tools Package">SmartMachine 工具包(Tools Package)</a></p><table class="confluenceTable"><tbody><tr><th class="confluenceTh">命令</th><th class="confluenceTh">描述</th><th class="confluenceTh">例子</th></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">pcp</td><td class="confluenceTd">显示被进程使用的端口们,或者进程们使用哪个端口</td><td class="confluenceTd">/root/bin/pcp -p 80 显示所有使用80端口的进程 <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/root/bin/pcp -P 28068 显示进程28068使用的所有端口 <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/root/bin/pcp -a 显示所有端口的端口及进程信息</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">jinf</td><td class="confluenceTd">显示你的SmartMachine正如何使用它的资源</td><td class="confluenceTd">/root/bin/jinf -c 显示CPU的使用信息 <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/root/bin/jinf -m 显示内存使用信息 <br class="atl-forced-newline" />/root/bin/jinf -s 显示交换空间使用信息</td></tr></tbody></table><p>以下是<a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/SmartMachine+Tools+Package" title="SmartMachine Tools Package">SmartMachine 工具包(Tools Package)</a>:</p><p> </p><table class="confluenceTable"><tbody><tr><th class="confluenceTh">Tool</th><th class="confluenceTh">Description</th></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Collecting+SmartMachine+Standard+System+Information#CollectingSmartMachineStandardSystemInformation-cpuInfo">sm-cpuinfo</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Collect information from the system on CPU usage.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Managing+Databases+in+SmartMachine+Standard#ManagingDatabasesinSmartMachineStandard-createDB">sm-create-db</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Setup and create a MySQL or PostgreSQL database.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Managing+Databases+in+SmartMachine+Standard#ManagingDatabasesinSmartMachineStandard-createDBuser">sm-create-dbuser</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Setup and create a MySQL or PostgreSQL database user.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Server+Setup+for+SmartMachine+Standard" title="Server Setup for SmartMachine Standard">sm-create-vhost</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Setup and install a virtual server.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Installing+Drupal+on+SmartMachine+Standard" title="Installing Drupal on SmartMachine Standard">sm-install-drupal</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Setup and install a Drupal Content Management System (CMS).</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Installing+a+Blog+on+SmartMachine+Standard" title="Installing a Blog on SmartMachine Standard">sm-install-wordpress</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Setup and install a WordPress blog.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Managing+Databases+in+SmartMachine+Standard#ManagingDatabasesinSmartMachineStandard-listDB">sm-list-dbs</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Generate a list of installed databases from MySQL or PostgreSQL.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Managing+Databases+in+SmartMachine+Standard#ManagingDatabasesinSmartMachineStandard-listDBuser">sm-list-dbusers</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Generate a list of database users from MySQL or PostgreSQL.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Collecting+SmartMachine+Standard+System+Information#CollectingSmartMachineStandardSystemInformation-tzList">sm-list-timezones</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Generate a list of supported timezones.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Collecting+SmartMachine+Standard+System+Information#CollectingSmartMachineStandardSystemInformation-ProcessMapping">sm-lsof</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Show the mapping between processes and ports.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Collecting+SmartMachine+Standard+System+Information#CollectingSmartMachineStandardSystemInformation-memInfo">sm-meminfo</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Collect information from the system on memory usage.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Collecting+SmartMachine+Standard+System+Information#CollectingSmartMachineStandardSystemInformation-pcpInfo">sm-pcp</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Determine the mapping for processes and ports.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Creating+Your+Own+SmartMachine+Image" title="Creating Your Own SmartMachine Image">sm-prepare-image</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Prepare a SmartMachine to serve as the basis for a SmartMachine image.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Rebooting+or+Shutting+Down+a+SmartMachine#RebootingorShuttingDownaSmartMachine-reboot">sm-reboot</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Reboot the SmartMachine.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">sm-rebuild-pkgsrc</td><td class="confluenceTd">Upgrade the pkgsrc repository to the 2012Q1 release.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Managing+Databases+in+SmartMachine+Standard#ManagingDatabasesinSmartMachineStandard-removeDB">sm-remove-db</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Remove a MySQL or PostgreSQL database.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Managing+Databases+in+SmartMachine+Standard#ManagingDatabasesinSmartMachineStandard-removeDBuser">sm-remove-dbuser</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Remove a MySQL or PostgreSQL database user.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Setting+the+Host+Name+for+SmartMachine+Standard" title="Setting the Host Name for SmartMachine Standard">sm-set-hostname</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Set the hostname for a SmartMachine.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Collecting+SmartMachine+Standard+System+Information#CollectingSmartMachineStandardSystemInformation-tzSet">sm-set-timezone</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Set the timezone for a SmartMachine.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Rebooting+or+Shutting+Down+a+SmartMachine#RebootingorShuttingDownaSmartMachine-shutdown">sm-shutdown</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Shutdown the SmartMachine.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Collecting+SmartMachine+Standard+System+Information#CollectingSmartMachineStandardSystemInformation-sysInfo">sm-summary</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Collect information from the system on various properties of the SmartMachine.</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Performance+and+Tuning#PerformanceandTuning-PerformanceandTuningAutomaticDatabaseTuning">sm-tune-mysql</a></td><td class="confluenceTd">Automatically tune a MySQL database.</td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p> </p><p>SmartOS 提供了一个工具套件来检查进程,可以在 proc 的 man page 中学习到更多内容。</p><table class="confluenceTable"><tbody><tr><th class="confluenceTh">工具</th><th class="confluenceTh">描述</th></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">prstat</td><td class="confluenceTd">这个工具显示活动的进程列表,类似Linux中的 top 命令 <br class="atl-forced-newline" />prstat -Z 将为提供你的SmartMachine状态的摘要信息</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">pgrep</td><td class="confluenceTd">根据指定的条件或模式返回进程的进程ID(PID)列表,一般是用来判断程序是否正在运行。</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">pkill</td><td class="confluenceTd">根据指定的条件或模式中止进程</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">pfiles</td><td class="confluenceTd">返回属于某个进程的所有打开文件列表</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">pstack</td><td class="confluenceTd">显示指定进程所有的线程的调用栈</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">ptree</td><td class="confluenceTd">显示所有进程或指定进程的进程树</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">ls /proc</td><td class="confluenceTd">列举所有正在运行的进程ID</td></tr></tbody></table><p>你可以将 pgrep 的结果和其他 proc 工具合并显示。比如,显示与 http 进程相关的所有文件,可以使用如下命令来替代 lsof:</p><div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter plain"><table class="wysiwyg-macro" data-macro-name="divbox" data-macro-parameters="style=background:#f9f9f9;border:1" style="background-image: url(/plugins/servlet/confluence/placeholder/macro-heading?definition=e2RpdmJveDpzdHlsZT1iYWNrZ3JvdW5kOiNmOWY5Zjk7Ym9yZGVyOjF9&locale=en_GB&version=2); background-repeat: no-repeat;" data-macro-body-type="RICH_TEXT"><tr><td class="wysiwyg-macro-body"><pre> <span>$ sudo pfiles $(pgrep http)</span></pre></td></tr></table><p> </p></div><p>若要限制 prstat 显示 http 进程,可以使用命令:</p><div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter plain"><table class="wysiwyg-macro" data-macro-name="divbox" data-macro-parameters="style=background:#f9f9f9;border:1" style="background-image: url(/plugins/servlet/confluence/placeholder/macro-heading?definition=e2RpdmJveDpzdHlsZT1iYWNrZ3JvdW5kOiNmOWY5Zjk7Ym9yZGVyOjF9&locale=en_GB&version=2); background-repeat: no-repeat;" data-macro-body-type="RICH_TEXT"><tr><td class="wysiwyg-macro-body"><pre> <span>$ prstat $(pgrep -d , http)</span></pre></td></tr></table></div><div class="panelMacro"><table class="confluenceTable"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><tbody><tr><td class="confluenceTd"><img class="confluence-embedded-image confluence-external-resource" height="16" width="16" src="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/images/icons/emoticons/warning.gif" data-image-src="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/images/icons/emoticons/warning.gif"></td><td class="confluenceTd">注意:如果 prstat 显示改变了你的终端设置,可以使用 reset 命令返回到正常状态</td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p></div><p>对于 vmstat, mpstat 和 psrinfo 命令,主要显示物理机中处理器和内存的统计信息。这些输出一般来说对于SmartMachine的管理员才有用。</p><p> </p><h2><a name="t3" /><a class=" " name="TheJoyentLinux-to-SmartOSCheatSheet-Examiningprocessesandmemory" /><a class=" " name="TheJoyentLinux-to-SmartOSCheatSheet-procmem" />启动和停止服务</h2><p>在其他系统中,你也许习惯使用命令在 /etc/init.d 来启动或停止服务。<br />SmartMachines 使用 <a href="http://wiki.joyent.com/wiki/display/jpc2/Using+the+Service+Management+Facility" title="Using the Service Management Facility">Service Management Facility</a> 来做到这些。</p><p>命令 svcs 和 svcadm 是你经常会使用到的。有些命令把 service identifier 叫做FMRI(Fault Management Resource Identifier)。<br />你可以使用 svcs 命令列举一个服务所有的 identifier 。</p><table class="confluenceTable"><tbody><tr><th class="confluenceTh">命令</th><th class="confluenceTh">描述</th></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">svcs</td><td class="confluenceTd">列举所有已启用的服务</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">svcs -a</td><td class="confluenceTd">列举所有服务,即使有些已经被禁止或offline</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">svcadm enable apache</td><td class="confluenceTd">使用apache FMRI 启用Apache进程</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">svcadm disable apache</td><td class="confluenceTd">使用apache FMRI 禁止Apache进程</td></tr><tr><td class="confluenceTd">svcadm restart apache</td><td class="confluenceTd">使用apache FMRI 重启Apache进程</td></tr></tbody></table><p>比如,如果你想更改 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 后重启SSH,可以这样做:</p><div class="container" title="Hint: double-click to select code"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><p> </p><table class="wysiwyg-macro" data-macro-name="divbox" data-macro-parameters="style=background:#f9f9f9;border:1" style="background-image: url(/plugins/servlet/confluence/placeholder/macro-heading?definition=e2RpdmJveDpzdHlsZT1iYWNrZ3JvdW5kOiNmOWY5Zjk7Ym9yZGVyOjF9&locale=en_GB&version=2); background-repeat: no-repeat;" data-macro-body-type="RICH_TEXT"><tr><td class="wysiwyg-macro-body"><pre> <span>$ sudo svcadm restart ssh</span></pre></td></tr></table></div></div>
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